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Evidence about clinical management of COVID-19 and pandemic-related health issues (under construction)

 

We continue to add evidence syntheses to this webpage as we harvest and process weekly updates from ‘high-yield, high quality’ sources of evidence syntheses and as we add new sources. More details are available about the context for the inventory, our approach to developing and maintain it, and tips for using it. Similar webpages are available for evidence about public-health measures, health-system arrangements, and economic and social responses.

Broad and specific decisions Criteria for 'best evidence synthesis' Details to support relevance assessment Additional decision-relevant details Citation
Date of last search Quality (AMSTAR) rating Evidence profile (e.g., GRADE) available Key findings
 Living evidence synthesis              Type of synthesis              Type of question
Clinical treatment of COVID-19                
  Assessing most important prognostic factors 
 2020-05-12
 4/10 No  While age is the most important prognostic factor for estimating the likelihood of hospitalization, severe disease or death among COVID-19 patients, being male, obese and having co-morbidities are also important  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Rapid review  Other  Norwegian Institute of Public Health. COVID-19 and risk factors for severe disease – A rapid review, 2nd update. Oslo: Norwegian Institute of Public Health; 2020  
 
2020-04-28
 7/10 Yes Many clinical and socioeconomic factors provide prognostic information on mortality or severe disease in patients with COVID-19
 No Full review Other Izcovich A, Ragusa M, Tortosa F, Marzio M, Agnoletti C, Bengolea A, et al. Prognostic Factors for Severity and Mortality in Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review. The Lancet 2020. 
    2020-05-22
 8/11 No  Factors that increase fatality risk in COVID-19 patients include being older than 60, male, a smoker, and having COPD, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease or chronic kidney disease  No  Full review  Other  Dorjee K, Kim H. Epidemiological Risk Factors Associated with Death and Severe Disease in Patients Suffering from COVID-19: A Copmrehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. MedRxiv 2020. 
    2020-04-05
 8/11  No  Being male and older were associated with a poor prognosis for COVID-19 patients in general, with chronic kidney disease the most important prognostic factor for death, and COPD the most important prognostic factor for disease severity  No  Full review  Other  Fang X, Li S, Yu H, et al. Epidemiological, comorbidity factors with severity and prognosis of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12(13):12493-12503. doi:10.18632/aging.103579 
    2020-04-11
 8/11  No  Mortality risk factors for COVID-19 are similar to those identified for MERS and SARS, suggesting that age and some laboratory indicators (lactic dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, and neutrophils) can be used to predict COVID-19 mortality  No  Full review  Other  Lu L, Zhong W, Bian Z, Li Z, Zhang K, Liang B, et al. A comparison of mortality-related risk factors of COVID-19, SARS, and MERS: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Infection. 2020. 
    2020-04-23
 8/11  No  COVID-19 patients with hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, cerebrovascular disease and cancer have been found to be at an increased risk of mortality  No  Full review  Other Singh AK, Gillies CL, Singh R, Singh A, Chudasama Y, Coles B, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities and their association with mortality in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2020;10.1111/dom.14124. 
    2020-05-01
 8/11  No  For COVID-19 patients in ICU, having co-morbidities (such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, acute kidney injury), suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with invasive mechanical ventilation, and some lab indicators are significant predictors of poor prognosis  No  Full review  Other  Chang R, Elhusseiny KM, Yeh Y, Sun W. COVID-19 ICU and mechanical ventilation patient characteristics and outcomes - A systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv 2020. 
    2020-06-26
 7/10  No  Among pregnant women infected with COVID-19, increased maternal age, high body mass index, and pre-existing co-morbidities are factors that may result in severe  disease  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Other  Allotey J, Stallings E, Bonet M, Yap M, Chatterjee S, Kew T, et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: Living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:m3320.  
    N/A (Protocol) n/a Yes [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review to identify prognostic factors for disease severity and mortality among patients with COVID-19 is currently being conducted
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Protocol
 Other
 Izcovich A, Ragusa M, Sanguine V, Tortosa F, Espinosa F, Agnoletti C, Marzio AL, Bengolea A, Saavedra E, Catalano HN, Rada G. Prognostic factors for the severity and mortality in patients infected with COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol. MedRxiv 2020.
  Screening and testing for COVID-19                
    See public-health measures                
  Drugs for COVID-19                
    All drugs 2020-09-11 9/11 Yes The effectiveness of most drugs for COVID-19 is uncertain due to important study limitations, but the best-available evidence suggests glucocorticoids probably reduce mechanical ventilation and mortality among severe patients, whereas remdesivir probably reduces the time to symptom resolution with uncertainty about its effects on other outcomes
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review Benefits and harms Siemieniuk RA, Bartoszko JJ, Ge L, Zeraatkar D, Izcovich A, Pardo-Hernandez H, et al. Drug treatments for covid-19: Living systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:m2980.
      2020-12-04
 8/9  Yes  Synthesis pending  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. The COVID-NMA initiative
A living mapping and living systematic review of Covid-19 trials. 2020. 
      2020-11-02
 8/10 Yes  The effect of most drugs for COVID-19 is currently uncertain, except that remdesivir does not reduce mortality, hydroxychloroquine probably slightly increase mortality and serious adverse events, an that lopinavir/ritonavir probably does not affect mortality, and mechanical ventilation
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  Juul S, Nielsen EE, Feinberg J, Siddiqui F, Jørgensen CK, Barot E, et al. (2020) Interventions for treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses (The LIVING Project). PLoS Med 17(9): e1003293. 
      N/A (Protocol)
 n/a Yes  [Protocol - no results yet available] A network meta-analysis on the comparative effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for COVID-19 is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Protocol Benefits and harms  De Crescenzo F, Amato L, Vecchi S, D'Alo' G, Cruciani F, Mitrova Z, Saulle R, Addis A, Davoli M. Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmacological Interventions for COVID-19: a Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020176914. 
      N/A (Protocol)
 n/a No  [Protocol - no resulst yet available] A network meta-analysis on the comparative effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for COVID-19 is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Protocol Benefits and harms  da Rocha A, Pinto A. A Rapid Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis on the Pharmacological Interventions for Coronavirus Disease 2019. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020179818. 
    Anti-virals 2020-12-04
 10/11 No  [Baloxavir marboxil] The effects of baloxavir marboxil compared with favipravir are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Favipiravir vs Baloxavir Marboxil. 2020.
      2020-12-04 10/11 No [Baloxavir marboxil] The effects of baloxavir marboxil compared with lopinavir + ritonavir or darunavir/cobicistat + umifenovir + interferon-a are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Baloxavir Marboxil vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir or Darunavir/Cobicistat + Umifenovir + Interferon-a. 2020.
      2020-12-04 10/11  No  [Darunavir/cobicistat] The effects of adding darunavir/cobicistat to standard care are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Darunavir/Cobicistat vs Standard Care. 2020.
      2020-12-04 10/11 No  [Favipiravir] The effects of favipriavir compared with lopinavir + ritonavir or darunavir/cobicistat + umifenovir + interferon-a are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Favipiravir vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir or Darunavir/Cobicistat + Umifenovir + Interferon-a. 2020.
      2020-12-04 10/11 No  [Lopinavir + ritonavir] Adding lopinavir + ritonavir to novaferon and standard care in moderate or severely ill people may increase the viral negative conversion but effects for other outcomes are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Novaferon + Lopinavir + Ritonavir vs Novaferon. 2020.
      2020-12-04 10/11 Yes  [Lopinavir + ritonavir] Adding lopinavir + ritonavir to standard care may reduce the incidence of clinical improvement, and make little or no difference on mortality
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Lopinavir + Ritonavir vs Standard Care. 2020.
      Not specified 8/9  Yes  [Lopinavir + ritonavir] Adding lopinavir + ritonavir to standard care may reduce mortality slightly but the evidence is uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  Epistemonikos Foundation. Systematic Review: Preliminary Report: Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19. Santiago, Chile: 2020.
      Unable to access full text
 9/11  Yes  [Lopinavir + ritonavir] Adding lopinavir + ritonavir to the standard care may reduce mortality and the risk of requiring mechanical ventilation and may reduce serious adverse events. Any absolute reduction in mortality likely varies across different risk groups but may be less than 1% in low and medium risk populations, and about 5% in a high risk population   Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Full review Benefits and harms Verdugo-Paiva F, Izcovich A, Ragusa M, Rada G. Lopinavir-ritonavir for COVID-19: A living systematic review. Lopinavir-ritonavir para COVID-19: una revisión sistemática viva. Medwave. 2020;20(6):e7967. Published 2020 Jul 15. doi:10.5867/medwave.2020.06.7966 
      2020-12-04 10/11 Yes  [Remdesivir] Remdesivir reduces severe disease progression at 14-28 days but, probably makes little or no difference on mortality and clinical improvement
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Remdesivir vs Placebo. 2020.
      2020-09-11  9/11
 Yes
 [Remdesivir] Remdesivir probably reduces time to resolution of COVID-19 symptoms and the duration of mechanical ventilation, but its effects on mortality are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review
 Benefits and harms
 Siemieniuk RA, Bartoszko JJ, Ge L, Zeraatkar D, Izcovich A, Pardo-Hernandez H, et al. Drug treatments for covid-19: Living systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:m2980.
      2020-12-04
 10/11
 Yes
 [Ribavirin] The effects of adding ribavarin and interferon-b-1b to liponavir + ritonavir are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review
 Benefits and harms
 COVID NMA. Lopinavir + Ritonavir + Ribavirin + Interferon-b-1b vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir. 2020.
      2020-12-04 10/11 Yes  [Umifenovir] The effects of adding umifenovir to standard care are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Umifenovir vs Standard Care. 2020.
      2020-12-04
 10/11 Yes  [Umifenovir] The effects of umifenovir compared with favipravir are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review Benefits and harms COVID NMA. Favipiravir vs Umifenovir. 2020.
      2020-12-04
 10/11 Yes [Umifenovir] Umifenovir may increase serious adverse events compared with lopinavir + ritonavir, and its effects on other clinical outcomes are uncertain Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Umifenovir vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir. 2020. 
    Other antimicrobials  2020-12-04 10/11 No  [Azithromycin] The evidence profile on azythromycin vs standard care is not currently available (which is likely because they are updating it, based on new study results)
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Non-randomized Studies: Azithromycin vs Standard Care. 2020.
      2020-12-04 10/11  Yes  [Chloroquine] The effects of adding chloroquine to the standard care are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Chloroquine vs Standard Care. 2020.
      Not specified
 9/10 Yes [Chloroquine][hydroxychloroquine] Adding hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine to standard care in hospitalized patients may not increase the SARS-CoV-2 clearance, whereas it may increase serious adverse events,  although due to very low certainty evidence the benefits of and harms of this comparison cannot be fully evaluated
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  Epistemonikos Foundation. Systematic Review: Preliminary Report: Antimalarials for the Treatment of COVID-19. Santiago, Chile: 2020.
      2020-09-21
 8/10  No  [Chloroquine][hydroxychloroquine] It is unlikely that in-hospital use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine would have beneficial effects, and the effects of hydroxichloroquine as a prophylactic treatment are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  Hernandez AV, Roman YM, Pasupuleti V, Barboza JJ, White CM. Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. 2020;10.7326/M20-2496. 
      2020-12-04
 10/11 Yes  [Chloroquine] [hydroxychloroquine] The effects of hydroxychloroquine compared to chloroquine are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Hydroxychloroquine vs Chloroquine. 2020.
      2020-12-04 10/11  No  [Hydroxychloroquine vs placebo/standard care] Hydroxichloroquine probably slightly increases mortality at 14-28 days, and probably makes little or no difference in the incidence of clinical improvement, while probably increases the adverse events
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Hydroxychloroquine vs placebo. 2020.
      2020-09-11 9/11  Yes  [hydroxychloroquine] hydroxychloroquine may not reduce mortality or mechanical ventilation, and it might increase the risk of adverse events
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  Siemieniuk RA, Bartoszko JJ, Ge L, Zeraatkar D, Izcovich A, Pardo-Hernandez H, et al. Drug treatments for covid-19: Living systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:m2980. 
      2020-07-19
 9/11  No  [hydroxychloroquine][hydroxychloroquine + azithromycin] A systematic review of mainly observational studies showed no benefits associated with the use of hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin for COVID-19 patients, but found that the frequency of adverse effects was higher in the hydroxychloroquine group Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Rapid review  Benefits and harms  Shamshirian A, Hessami A, Heydari K, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Ebrahimzadeh M, Yip G, et al. Hydroxychloroquine Versus COVID-19: A Periodic Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. MedRxiv 2020. 
      2020-12-04
 10/11  No  [hydroxychloroquine + azithromycin] Hydrochloroquine + azithromycin may increase disease progression and adverse events 
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Non-randomized Studies: Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin vs Standard Care. 2020. 
      2020-12-04
 8/9 No [Ivermectin] Synthesis pending
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Non-randomized Studies: Ivermectin vs Standard Care. 2020. 
      N/A (Protocol)
 n/a  No  [Ivermectin] [Protocol - no resulst yet available] A systematic review on the effectiveness of ivermerctin is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Protocol Benefits and harms  Ortiz-Muñoz L, Rada G. Ivermectin for COVID-19: a Living Systematic Review Protocol. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020189554. 
      2020-04-07
 9/10  No  Antibiotics (types unspecified by authors) were not associated with improvements in survival among patients with COVID-19  No  Full review  Benefits and harms  Pei L, Zhang S, Huang L, Geng X, Ma L, Jiang W, et al. Antiviral agents, glucocorticoids, antibiotics, and intravenous immunoglobulin usage in 1142 patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Polish archives of internal medicine. 2020. 
    Anti-inflammatories
 2020-12-04
 7/9  Yes  [Colchicine] The effects of adding colchicine to standard of care are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Colchicine vs Standard Care. 2020. 
      N/A (Protocol)  n/a  No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs  is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Protocol  Benefits and harms  Urrea G, Meza N, Vargas M, Ortiz L, Rada G, Madrid E. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Patients with COVID-19: a Living Systematic Review Protocol. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020179594. 
    Kinase inhibitors  2020-07-30
 8/11  No  [Baricitinib] A review of observational studies shows that JAK-inhibitors (including baricitinib) may be associated with decreased mortality, fewer ICU admissions, and shorter length of stay in COVID-19 patients  No  Full review  Benefits and harms  Walz L, Cohen AJ, Rebaza AP, Vanchieri J, Slade MD, Dela Cruz CS, et al. Janus kinase-inhibitor and Type I interferon ability to produce favorable clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv. 2020. 
   
2020-12-04
 10/11 Yes [Ruxolitinib] The effects of ruxolitinib compared with vitamin C are uncertain, although further research is warranted since one very small study appeared to demonstrate a benefit for ruxolitinib for the outcomes of mortality and clinical improvement
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Ruxolitinib vs Vitamin C. 2020. 
      2020-07-30
 8/11  No  [Ruxolitinib] A review of observational studies shows that JAK-inhibitors (including ruxolitinib) may be associated with decreased mortality, fewer ICU admissions, and shorter length of stay in COVID-19 patients  No  Full review  Benefits and harms  Walz L, Cohen AJ, Rebaza AP, Vanchieri J, Slade MD, Dela Cruz CS, et al. Janus kinase-inhibitor and Type I interferon ability to produce favorable clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv. 2020. 
    Corticosteroids  2020-06-23
 5/9 Yes  [Dexamethasone] One large trial showed that dexamethasone reduced mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, while the reduction might be greatest for ventilated patients
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Rapid review  Benefits and harms  Helfand M, Wilt TJ, Hilgart J, Arkhipova-Jenkins I, Obley, AJ. Rapid Response: Corticosteroid Therapy for COVID-19 Infection. Washington, DC: Evidence Synthesis Program, Health Services Research and Development Service, Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs. VA ESP Project #09-199; 2020 
      2020-12-04
 10/11  Yes  [Dexamethasone] Adding dexamethasone to standard of care probably reduces mortality in moderate to critical COVID-19 patients
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Dexamethasone vs Standard Care. 2020. 
      2020-09-11
 9/11  Yes  [Dexamethasone] To date, dexamethasone is the only intervention that has been shown to reduce mortality and mechanical ventilation in patients with moderate to critical COVID-19
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  Siemieniuk RA, Bartoszko JJ, Ge L, Zeraatkar D, Izcovich A, Pardo-Hernandez H, et al. Drug treatments for covid-19: Living systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:m2980. 
      2020-12-04
 8/9  No  [Methylprednisolone] Synthesis pending
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Non-randomized Studies: Methylprednisolone vs Standard Care. 2020. 
    Biologics 2020-06-20
 10/11 Yes  [Anakinra] The effects of using anakinra are uncertain  No  Full review  Benefits and harms  Kim M, An M, Kim W, Hwang T. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Interventions for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Confounder-Adjusted 20212 Hospitalized Patients. MedRxiv 2020. 
      2020-07-01
 7/11  No  [Anakinra] One systematic review including several immunomodulatory agents concluded that anakinra is one of only two immunomodulatory agents (the other being tocilizumab) that decrease mortality and reduce COVID-19 clinical symptoms  No  Full review  Benefits and harms  Talaie H, Hosseini SM, Nazari M, et al. Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis [published online ahead of print, 2020 Aug 18]. Daru. 2020;1-13. doi:10.1007/s40199-020-00367-4 
   
2020-12-04
 10/11 Yes  [Inferferon β-1a] The evidence for adding interferon β-1a to standard care is of very low certainty therefore the relative effects are uncertain, however, one small study showed substantial benefit for disease progression and mortality suggesting further studies are warranted Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Interferon β-1a vs standard care. 2020.
      2020-12-04 10/11 Yes [Interferon β-1b] The effects of adding ribavarin and interferon-b-1b to liponavir + ritonavir are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Lopinavir + Ritonavir + Ribavirin + Interferon-b-1b vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir. 2020. 
      2020-07-01
 7/11  No  [Meplazumab] One systematic review comparing several immunomodulatory agents for managing COVID-19 infection concluded that meplazumab is probably not  beneficial  No  Full review  Benefits and harms  Talaie H, Hosseini SM, Nazari M, et al. Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis [published online ahead of print, 2020 Aug 18]. Daru. 2020;1-13. doi:10.1007/s40199-020-00367-4 
      2020-12-04
 10/11 No [Novaferon] The effects of adding novaferon to lopinavir + ritonavir are uncertain although one small study found a benefit for novaferon and lopinavir +ritonavir for increasing viral clearance
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Novaferon + Lopinavir + Ritonavir vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir. 2020. 
      2020-12-04
 10/11 No [Novaferon] The effects of novaferon compared with lopinavir + ritinoavir are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Novaferon vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir. 2020. 
      2020-12-04
 8/9  No  [Tocilizumab] Synthesis pending
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review Benefits and harms COVID NMA. Non-randomized Studies: Tocilizumab vs Standard Care. 2020. 
    Others 2020-12-04
 10/11 Yes  [a-Lipoic acid] It is uncertain whether a-Lipoic acid has any differential effects compared with placebo due to very low certainty evidence
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms COVID NMA. a-Lipoic Acid vs Placebo. 2020. 
      2020-04-22 5/9  Yes  [Anticoagulants] The effects of using antithrombotic therapies for COVID-19 patients are uncertain although thromboprophylaxis should be used following common guidance on critically ill hospitalized patients No Rapid review  Benefits and harms  Maldonado E, Tao D, Mackey K. Antithrombotic Therapies in COVID-19 Disease: a Systematic Review [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 17]. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;1-9. doi:10.1007/s11606-020-05906-y
      2020-04-23
 5/5  Yes  [Cell-based therapies] No evidence was found on the effects of cell-based therapies for COVID-19
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  Rada G, Corbalan J, Rojas P. Cell-Based Therapies for COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review. MedRxiv 2020.
      2020-06-01
 n/a  No  [Chinese herbal medicine] [Protocol - no results yet available] An umbrella review on the effectiveness of several COVID-19 treatments, including chinese herbal medicine, is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Protocol  Benefits and harms  Zhu J, Zheng Y, Wu J. Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19: a Living Umbrella Review. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020170086. 
       2020-09-20 8/11 Yes  [Famotidine] The effects of famotidine for COVID-19 patients are uncertain
 No Full review Benefits and harms Sethia R, Prasad M, Jagannath S, Nischal N, Soneja M, Garg P, et al. Efficacy of Famotidine for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. medRxiv. 2020.
      N/A (Protocol)
 n/a  No  [Vitamin C] [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on the effectiveness of Vitamin C for the treatment of COVID-19 is currently being conducted Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Protocol  Benefits and harms  Baladia E, Pizarro A, Rada G. Vitamin C for the Treatment of COVID-19: a Living Systematic Review. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020181216. 
  Blood products
                
    Convalescent plasma
 2020-12-04
 10/11 Yes  Adding convalescent plasma to standard care may decrease 14-28 day all cause mortality, but its effects on other clinical outcomes are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Convalescent Plasma vs Standard Care. 2020. 
      2020-06-04
 8/10 Yes  The effects of convalescent plasma for patients with COVID-19 are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  Valk SJ, Piechotta V, Chai KL, Doree C, Monsef I, Wood EM, et al. Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19: A rapid review. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020(5)CD013600.
    Hyperimmune immunoglobulin
 2020-12-04
 10/11 No The effects of immunoglobulin compared to standard care are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Non-randomized Studies: Intravenous Immunoglobulin vs Standard Care. 2020. 
      2020-06-04
 8/10 Yes The effects of hyperimmune immunoglobulin for patients with COVID-19 are uncertain
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review Benefits and harms Valk SJ, Piechotta V, Chai KL, Doree C, Monsef I, Wood EM, et al. Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19: A rapid review. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020(5)CD013600.
  Ventilation for COVID-19                
    Invasive ventilation 
 2020-05-01
 7/10  Yes  A systematic reviews including studies of patients with COVID-19, MERS and SARS, showed that the effects of non invasive ventilation, compared to invasive mechanical ventilation are uncertain Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  Schünemann HJ, Khabsa J, Solo K, Khamis AM, Brignardello-Petersen R, El-Harakeh A, et al. Ventilation techniques and risk for transmission of coronavirus disease, including COVID-19: A living systematic review of multiple streams of evidence. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2020;173(3):204-216. 
      2020-04-23
 6/10  No  A systematic review of a small number of studies suggests that the mortality of COVID-19 patients under invasive mechanical ventilation is very high, but details of how varying ventilatory protocols and management strategies influence clinical outcomes remains uncertain
 No  Full review Other Almeshari MA, Alobaidi NY, Asmri MA, Alhuthail E, Alshehri Z, Alenezi F, et al. Mechanical ventilation utilization in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv. 2020. 
      2020-05-01
 8/11  No  Although significant geographical variations exists, pooled analyses suggest a 43% mortality rate among patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for COVID-19   No  Full review  Other  Chang R, Elhusseiny KM, Yeh Y, Sun W. COVID-19 ICU and mechanical ventilation patient characteristics and outcomes - A systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv 2020. 
   
2020-05-21
 4/9  No  A review of two observational studies provides low-certainty evidence that receiving tracheotomy within 7-10 days of intubation improves the prognosis and reduces the costs for patients under invasive ventilation
 No Full review Other Not available 
      2020-05-15
 7/9  Yes  It is uncertain whether a higher or lower oxygen target is more beneficial for COVID-19 patients under invasive mechanical ventilation or in an intensive care unit No  Rapid review  Benefits and harms  Cumpstey AF, Oldman AH, Smith AF, Martin D, Grocott MP. Oxygen targets in the intensive care unit during mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: A rapid review. Cochrane Database Systematic Review. 2020;9:CD013708. 
      2020-07-11
 7/10  Yes  A systematic review including studies of patients with COVID-19, MERS and SARS showed that non-invasive ventilation, compared with no mechanical ventilation, may reduce mortality, but may increase the risk of COVID-19 transmission to healthcare workers  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  Schünemann HJ, Khabsa J, Solo K, Khamis AM, Brignardello-Petersen R, El-Harakeh A, et al. Ventilation techniques and risk for transmission of coronavirus disease, including COVID-19: A living systematic review of multiple streams of evidence. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2020;173(3):204-216. 
    Non-invasive ventilation
 2020-12-04
 8/9 No Synthesis pending
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Nonpharmacological Treatments. 2020.
      2020-05-14
 9/10  Yes Although no studies were found for COVID-19 patients, indirect evidence shows that high-flow nasal cannual may reduce the need for invasive ventilation, and probably has little or no difference in mortality and length of stay No Rapid review Benefits and harms Agarwal A, Basmaji J, Muttalib F, et al. High-flow nasal cannula for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19: systematic reviews of effectiveness and its risks of aerosolization, dispersion, and infection transmission [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 15]. Les canules nasales à haut débit pour le traitement de l’insuffisance respiratoire hypoxémique aiguë chez les patients atteints de la COVID-19: comptes rendus systématiques de l’efficacité et des risques d’aérosolisation, de dispersion et de transmission de l’infection [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 15]. Can J Anaesth. 2020;1-32. doi:10.1007/s12630-020-01740-2
    Proning 2020-07-05 5/10 No A systematic review of mostly case reports and case series showed that awake prone positioning is a feasible option for patients with COVID-19, and can improve oxygenation and respiratory symptoms with little discomfort for the majority of patients
 No Full review Benefits and harms Mch SA, Baishya M, Singh A, Khanna P. Effect of awake prone positioning in COVID-19 patients- A systematic review. Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care. 2020.
  Other aspects of critical care for COVID-19                
    Management of cardiovascular complications 2020-04-30
 9/10 No  A systematic review including only observational studies showed that the risk of venous thromboembolism is hospitalized COVID-19 patients ranges from 4.4 to 8.2%, with a substantial increase among ICU patients No  Full review  Other  Fontana P, Casini A, Robert-Ebadi H, Glauser F, Righini M, Blondon M. Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19: Systematic review of reported risks and current guidelines. Swiss Medical Weekly. 2020;150:w20301.
      2020-05-08  8/11 No A systematic review including only observational studies found substantial heterogeneity among studies in the risk of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with a greater risk in critical patients, and with some results indicating that patients under pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis reported a lower incidence of venous thromboembolism
 No Full review Other Zhang C, Shen L, Le KJ, Pan M-M, Kong L-C, Gu Z-C, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2020;7:151. 
      2020-06-20 10/11 Yes The effects of using anticoagulants in people hospitalized with COVID-19 are currently uncertain, and may increase major bleeding events, compared to patients receiving no treatment
 No Rapid review Benefits and harms Flumignan RLG, Tinôco JD, Pascoal PIF, Areias LL, Cossi MS, Fernandes MICD, et al. Prophylactic anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID‐19. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020;10:Art. No.: CD013739. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013739.
      2020-06-20 10/11 Yes Prophylactic doses of anticoagulants in people hospitalized with COVID-19 may reduce mortality but increase major bleeding events, compared to patients receiving anticoagulants as therapeutic dose
 No Rapid review Benefits and harms Flumignan RLG, Tinôco JD, Pascoal PIF, Areias LL, Cossi MS, Fernandes MICD, et al. Prophylactic anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID‐19. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020;10:Art. No.: CD013739. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013739.
      Not specified 7/11 No A systematic review of observational studies found an important incidence of cardiac arrhythmias among COVID-19 patients, although substantial heterogeneity among studies was reported
 No Full review Other Hamam O, Goda A, Eldalal M, Ussama A, Elmandouh O, Fahmy M, et al. Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv. 2020. 
    Management of renal complications  2020-05-15 7/11 No  The effects of using renal replacement therapy for COVID-19 patients is uncertain
 No  Full review Benefits and harms  Abdelrahman Z, Liu Q, Jiang S, Li M, Zhang Y, Wang X. Evaluation of the current therapeutic approaches for COVID-19: A meta-analysis. medRxiv. 2020.
    Management of respiratory complications
 Not Specified
 4/9  No  Although using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) seems to be beneficial for select COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, the recuperative effect of this strategy remains uncertain  No  Full review  Other  Haiduc AA, Alom S, Melamed N, Harky A. Role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in COVID-19: A systematic review. Journal of cardiac surgery. 2020. 
    Drugs to manage COVID-19 critical care
                
  Palliative care under COVID-19 restrictions
                
  Treatment of COVID-19 sequelae
 2020-12-04
 8/9  No  Synthesis pending
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  COVID NMA. Rehabilitation. 2020. 
    2020-05-31
 4/9  No  Neurological events might be a common sequelae of COVID-19 infection, and early rehabiltiation is recommended for the acute phase of the infection using proper virtual care for the post-acute phase
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Other  de Sire A, Andrenelli E, Negrini F, Negrini S, Ceravolo M. Systematic rapid living review on rehabilitation needs due to COVID-19: update to May 31st, 2020. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2020.
    2020-05-27
 5/11 No A systematic review of observational studies showed that heart failure, myocardial injury, and cardiar arrhythmias are the most common cardiovascular complications in patients with COVID-19 No Full review Other Kunutsor SK, Laukkanen JA. Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;S0163-4453(20)30345-5. 
    2020-09-30
 5/10  No  Neurological events might be frequently associated with COVID-19 infection, and given the sparse evidence for rehabilitation interventions, the effects of individual treatments are uncertain Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Rapid review  Other  Ceravolo MG, Arienti C, De Sire A, Andrenelli E, Negrini F, Lazzarini S, et al. Rehabilitation and Covid-19: The Cochrane Rehabilitation 2020 rapid living systematic review. European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine. 2020. 
    2020-04-18
 8/11  No  Whereas the most common neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19 are headaches, dizzines, nausea and vomiting, confusion and myalgias, the most common neurological complications are cerebral infarction or hemorrhage, or cerebral sinus venous thrombosis No  Full review  Other  Collantes MEV, Espiritu AI, Sy MCC, Anlacan VMM, Jamora RDG. Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. 2020;1-26. 
    2020-04-01
 7/11  No  A systematic review of observational studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 may cause renal injury that could progress to severe acute kidney injury  No  Full review  Other  Yang Q & Yang X. Incidence and risk factors of kidney impairment on patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv. 2020. 
    not specified
 4/9  No  A systematic review including observational studies showed that erythema, urticaria, and rash are the most common dermatological lesions that have been documented in patients with SARS-CoV-2, although its correlation with COVID-19 infection is still uncertain  No  Full review  Other  Almutairi A, Alfaleh M, Alasheikh M. Dermatological manifestations in patients with SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review. Cureus. 2020;12(7):e9446. 
    not specified  7/9 No A systematic review including low quality studies showed that audio-vestibular symptoms in COVID-19 patients are not common
 No Rapid review Other Almufarrij I, Uus K, Munro KJ. Does coronavirus affect the audio-vestibular system? A rapid systematic review. International Journal of Audiology. 2020; 59(7): 487-449
  Community-based treatment of COVID-19
 2020-04-02  4/9  No  Community-centered care including screening, isolating suspected cases, managing mild cases, and providing care for recovered COVID-19 patients can help to reduce pressure on hospitals  No  Rapid review  Other  El-Jardali F, Fadlallah R, Daher N, Jabbour M. K2P COVID-19 Rapid response series: Suppressing COVID-19 epidemic through community-centered care approach. Beirut, Lebanon: Knowledge to Policy (K2P) Center; 2020.  
Clinical management of pandemic-related impacts on health more generally                
  Interrupted management of other types of urgent care                
  Interrupted management or poor self management of chronic conditions  2020-05-15  4/9  No  A review of nine studies focused on 12 COVID-19 patients with chronic dermatologic conditions suggested that ceasing any dermatological treatments using immunomodulators and then re-starting them after the acute stage of COVID-19 infection may be considered to reduce the risk of severe recurrance of the dermatological condition as well as a distrubing cytokine storm  No  Full review  Other  Najar Nobar N, Goodarzi A. Patients with specific skin disorders who are affected by COVID-19: what do experiences say about management strategies? : A systematic review [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 18]. Dermatol Ther. 2020;e13867. doi:10.1111/dth.13867 
    2020-05-23
 7/11  No  There has been no reported association between any particular oncologic therapy or treatment modality and COVID-19 mortality   No  Full review  Other  Venkatesulu BP, Chandrasekar VT, Girdhar P, Advani P, Sharma A, Elumalai T, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cancer patients affected by a novel coronavirus. medRxiv. 2020. 
     2020-08-06 4/11 No  A systematic review of mainly observational studies showed that adherence to therapies for inflammatory bowel disease decreased internationally during the COVID-19 pandemic, with some regional variation  No Full review  Other Jena A, Singh AK, Kumar-M P, Sharma V, Sebastian S. Systematic review on failure to adhere to IBD therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic: Correct information is crucial. Digestive and Liver Disease. 2020.
  Routine management considerations for chronic and other existing health conditions
                
    Chronic conditions N/A (Protocol)
 n/a  Yes  [Protocol - no results yet available] A review on clinical management of COVID-19 patients with an undergoing treatment for immune-mediated inflammatory disease is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Protocol  Other  Rocha A, Atallah A, Pinto A, Filho C, Reis F, Milby K, et al. COVID-19 and Patients Undergoing Pharmacological Treatments for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Protocol for a Rapid Living Systematic Review. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020179863. 
    Cancer  2020-05-23
 7/10 No A systematic review of observational studies showed no association between receiving a particular cancer therapy and mortality in patients with COVID-19 No Full review Other Venkatesulu BP, Chandrasekar VT, Girdhar P, Advani P, Sharma A, Elumalai T, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cancer patients affected by a novel coronavirus. medRxiv. 2020. 
      2020-04-15
 4/9  No  No studies were found about the effects of adjusting dexamethasone-based antiemetic regimens for cancer patients with COVID-19  No  Full review  Other  Grant RC, Rotstein C, Liu G, et al. Reducing dexamethasone antiemetic prophylaxis during the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations from Ontario, Canada [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 30]. Support Care Cancer. 2020;1-6. doi:10.1007/s00520-020-05588-6 
    Other conditions 2020-05-22  5/9  No  Among solid-organ recipients that are on medications to modulate their inflammatory response, antimetabolites were mostly ceased among COVID-19 patients, whereas corticorsteroids were kept at the same dosage or increased  No  Full review  Other  Moosavi SA, Mashhadiagha A, Motazedian N, Hashemazar A, Hoveidaei AH, Bolignano D. COVID-19 clinical manifestations and treatment strategies among solid-organ recipients: A systematic review of cases. Transplant infectious disease. 2020;e13427. 
  Burn-out and trauma in essential workers                
    Psychosocial support
 2020-09-12
 9/9  No  Synthesis pending  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Full review  Benefits and harms  The Depressed Project. Living Systematic Review of Mental Health in COVID-19. Montreal: 2020. 
   
2020-05-25
 7/11  No  The prevalence of depression and anxiety among health staff caring for COVID-19 patients may be as high as 30%, although infected personnel may have higher rates of mental illness  No  Full review  Other  Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, Wang H. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public - A systematic review and meta-analysis [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 7]. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291:113190. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113190 
       2020-07-31  6/10 No  Observational studies showed that health professionals have been one of the populations at greatest risk of suffering major mental-health complications during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is possible that those working in low-resource settings are most at risk, and that a range of remote interventions for addressing these complications are being evaluated  No Rapid review  Other  Soklaridis S, Lin E, Lalani Y, Rodak T, Sockalingam S. Mental health interventions and supports during COVID- 19 and other medical pandemics: A rapid systematic review of the evidence. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2020;66:133-146. 
    Burn-out care
 2020-09-12  9/9  No  Synthesis pending  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  The Depressed Project. Living Systematic Review of Mental Health in COVID-19. Montreal: 2020. 
   
2020-05-11
 7/10 Yes The prevalence of mental health outcomes among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic is uncertain No Rapid review Other Muller AE, Hafstad EV, Himmels JPW, Smedslund G, Flottorp S, Stensland S, et al. The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review. medRxiv. 2020 Jan 1;2020.07.03.20145607.
      2020-04-15
 8/10  No  A systematic review drawing on studies from COVID-19, MERS and SARS, showed a substantial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of health care workers, mainly driven by the general health concerns and fear  No  Full review  Other Salazar de Pablo G, Vaquerizo-Serrano J, Catalan A, et al. Impact of coronavirus syndromes on physical and mental health of health care workers: Systematic review and meta-analysis [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 25]. J Affect Disord. 2020;275:48-57. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.022 
    Trauma-informed care 2020-04-01
 7/11  No  During the COVID-19 pandemic, health professionals experience a higher level of mental trauma with psychiatric repercussions, compared to the general population  No  Full review  Other  da Silva FCT, Neto MLR. Psychiatric symptomatology associated with depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia in health professionals working in patients affected by COVID-19: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology biological psychiatry. 2020;104:110057. 
  Mental health and additions issues related to the pandemic response                
    Remote management of existing conditions 2020-09-12
 9/9  No  Synthesis pending Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Benefits and harms  The Depressed Project. Living Systematic Review of Mental Health in COVID-19. Montreal: 2020. 
    Remote management of existing conditions  2020-06-17  4/9 No  A scoping review found a number of comercially available digital tools to address psychological symptoms associated with COVID-19, including those that are web-based, mobile and conversational agents, but did not report findings from evaluations of such tools  No Full review  Other  Zhang M, Smith HE. Digital tools to ameliorate psychological symptoms associated with COVID-19: Scoping review. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020;22(8):e19706. 
    Management of pandemic-related exacerbations of existing conditions N/A (Protocol)
 n/a No [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the risk of suicidal behaviour, as well as potential risk-mitigation strategies is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Protocol  Other  John A, Gunnell D, Higgins J, Eyles E, McGuinness L, Okolie C. The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Self-Harm and Suicidal Behaviour: a Living Systematic Review. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020183326. 
      N/A (Protocol)
 n/a No  [Protocol - no results yet] A systematic review on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health symptoms and addictions is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Protocol  Other  Salanti G, Papakonstantinou T, Cipriani A, Furukawa T, Leucht S. Living Systematic Review on the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the General Populations' Mental Health, Alcohol/Substance Abuse and Violence. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020180049. 
       2020-09-10  8/10  Yes The effects of  theCOVID-19 pandemic and similar events on substance use, safety, overdoses and substance-related deaths are uncertain but experience from previous pandemics and similar events suggest that substance users may have reduced access to harm reduction and treatment services, and that the supply of illicit substances may be disrupted  No Rapid review  Other  National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools. Rapid Review Update 1: What is the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on opioid and substance use and related harms? Hamilton, ON: National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools; 2020.
       2020-06-16  8/10  No A rapid review found only cross-sectional studies showing unclear results regarding the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol use and alcohol-related harms No Rapid review  Other  National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools. Rapid review: What is the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol use and alcohol-related harms? Hamilton, ON: National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools; 2020.
      2020-08-06 7/10 No A rapid review only identified in-progress studies evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health and wellbeing of caregivers and families of autistic people with results from these studies pending
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Rapid review  Other Weiss J, Lee V, Albaum C, Modica PT, Khanlou N, Ahmad F, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health and wellbeing of caregivers and families of autistic people: A rapid synthesis review. Canadian Institutes of Health Research. 2020. 
   
2020-08-12 5/9 No Although there appears to be high burden of sleep disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, few interventions have been identified to address this problem
 No Full review  Other  Tasnim S, Rahman M, Pawar P, Chi X, Yu Q, Zou L, et al. Epidemiology of sleep disorders during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic scoping review. medRxiv. 2020.  
      Not specified 9/9  No Influence of COVID-19 generally, and influence of government responses to pandemic specifically on mental health, vary across different populations, with the impacts on vulnerable populations and on effective interventions to support them an emerging area of interest
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review 
 Benefits and harms   The Depressed Project. Living Systematic Review of Mental Health in COVID-19. Montreal: 2020. 
      2020-05-25
 7/11  No  The COVID-19 pandemic has a large psychosocial impact on the general public  No  Full review  Other  Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, Wang H. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public - A systematic review and meta-analysis [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 7]. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291:113190. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113190 
      N/A (Protocol)  n/a No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health symptoms and addictions is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Protocol  Other  Salanti G, Papakonstantinou T, Cipriani A, Furukawa T, Leucht S. Living Systematic Review on the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the General Populations' Mental Health, Alcohol/Substance Abuse and Violence. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020180049. 
      N/A (Protocol)
 n/a No [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the risk of suicidal behaviour, as well as potential risk-mitigation strategies is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Protocol  Other  John A, Gunnell D, Higgins J, Eyles E, McGuinness L, Okolie C. The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Self-Harm and Suicidal Behaviour: a Living Systematic Review. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020183326. 
      2020-07-01
 5/9  No  Depression and anxiety have been the most frequent mental health conditions that pregnant and puerperal women have reported as a result of COVID-19  No  Full review  Other  Vieira LG, Camargo ELS, Schneider G, et al. Repercussions of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Pregnant and Puerperal Women: A Systematic Review. medRxiv 2020. 
       2020-07-29 8/11 No  Meta-regression modelling of observational studies has found that anxiety levels appear to have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and that of all of the physical distancing measures implemented, the closure of public transport has been the only intervention found to be directly associated with this increase No Full review  Other  Castaldelli-Maia JM, Marziali ME, Lu Z, Martins SS. Investigating the effect of national government physical distancing measures on depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic through meta-analysis and meta-regression. 2020.
       2020-05-08 8/11  No  A review of prevalence studies suggests that depression rates are extremely variable across countries during the COVID-19 pandemic but that they have probably risen in most, and substantially in some jurisdictions 
 No Full review  Other  Bueno-Notivol J, Gracia-Garcia P, Olaya B, Lasheras I, Lopez-Anton R, Santabarbara J. Prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 outbreak: A meta-analysis of community-based studies. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. 2020. 
      2020-04-22 8/11  No  A systematic review of observational studies conducted during COVID-19, MERS, SARS and  infectious-disease outbreaks showed that persons under quarantine and subject to isolation-containment strategies might be at greater risk of adverse mental and physical health outcomes
 No Full review  Other  Henssler J, Stock F, van Bohemen J, Walter H, Heinz A, Brandt L. Mental health effects of infection containment strategies: Quarantine and isolation - A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2020. 
   
2020-10-31 n/a  No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture and relevant interventions as adjunctive therapy for anxiety in COVID-19 is currently being conducted
 No Protocol  Benefits and harms    
      2020-04-18 8/11 No  A systematic review of prevalence studies showed that estimates of prevalence in the general population range from 14% to 33% for posttraumatic stress and from 12% to 38% for psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic  No Rapid review  Other  Cooke JE, Eirich R, Racine N, Madigan S. Prevalence of posttraumatic and general psychological stress during COVID-19: A rapid review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry research. 2020;292:113347.
  Reproductive care for patients with COVID-19                
    Antenatal care 2020-04-30
 8/11 No Current evidence suggests the most common signs of COVID-19 in pregnant women include fever, dry cough, sore throat and ground-glass opacities on CT scan, and that the risk of pre-term birth and cesarian section may be higher No Full review Other Matar R, Alrahmani L, Monzer N, et al. Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Pregnant Women with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 23]. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;ciaa828. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa828
      2020-04-18
 8/10  No  A review of case reports and case series found that most pregnant women with COVID-19 infection developed a mild or moderate severity illness, and while most  babies born to infected women tested negative for infection, a minority were symptomatic irrespective of the result of diagnostic tests No  Full review  Other  Trippella G, Ciarcià M, Ferrari M, et al. COVID-19 in Pregnant Women and Neonates: A Systematic Review of the Literature with Quality Assessment of the Studies. Pathogens. 2020;9(6):E485. Published 2020 Jun 18. doi:10.3390/pathogens9060485 
      N/A (Protocol) n/a No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on the symptoms and manifestations of COVID-19 among pregnant women is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Protocol Other Malouf R, Abbakar N, Burton H, Opondo C. Pregnant Women and their Babies and COVID-19 Pandemic: a Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020179989.
      N/A (Protocol)
 n/a No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on the risks of COVID-19 infection among pregnant women is currently being conducted Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Protocol Other Merino L, Meza N, Carrasco C, Bohórquez S, Rada G, Izcovich A. COVID-19 Prognosis in Pregnant Women: a Living Systematic Review. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020180767. 
      N/A (Protocol)
 n/a No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review to understand the outcomes of pregnancies complicated by COVID-19 is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Protocol Other Gatta A, Roberta R, Amodeo S, Giuliana S. A Living Systematic Review and Metanalysis of Pregnancies Complicated by COVID -19. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020185751. 
      N/A (Protocol)
 n/a No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on the clinical presentation, prognostic factors, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 among pregnant women is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Protocol Other  Allotey J, Bonet M, Zamora J, Yap M, Yuan M, Debenham L, et al. COVID-19 in Pregnant Women: a Living Systematic Review on Prevalence, Presentation, Prognosis and Treatment. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020178076. 
      2020-04-16
 9/11  No  Current evidence suggests that pregnant women with COVID-19 have significantly lower incidence of fever, cough, and positive CT findings compared to non-pregnant women  No  Full review  Other  Gao YJ, Ye L, Zhang JS, Yin YX, Liu M, Yu HB, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC infectious diseases. 2020;20:564. 
      2020-06-26
 7/10  No  A systematic review of observational studies showed that  pregnant women with COVID-19 are less likely to present fever and myalgia, but they might be more likely to be admitted to an intensive care unit compared with non-pregnant women with COVID Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Other  Allotey J, Stallings E, Bonet M, Yap M, Chatterjee S, Kew T, et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: Living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:m3320.  
    Childbirth 2020-04-29
 7/11  No  In pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection, maternal deaths have not been reported, but up to 20% of pregnancies may end in pre-term birth, and 85% in a cesarean section  No  Full review  Other  Huntley BJF, Huntley ES, Di Mascio D, Chen T, Berghella V, Chauhan SP. Rates of Maternal and Perinatal Mortality and Vertical Transmission in Pregnancies Complicated by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co-V-2) Infection: A Systematic Review. Obstet Gynecol. 2020. 
 
 
      2020-05-04
 8/11  No  The incidence of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women and the occurrence of preterm deliveries among pregnant women with COVID-19 is uncertain  No  Full review  Other  de Melo GC, de Araújo KCGM. COVID-19 infection in pregnant women, preterm delivery, birth weight, and vertical transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cadernos de saude publica. 2020;36(7):e00087320. 
      2020-06-26
 7/10  No  A systematic review of observational studies showed that pregnant women with COVID-19 are at higher risk of having preterm birth  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Full review  Other  Allotey J, Stallings E, Bonet M, Yap M, Chatterjee S, Kew T, et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: Living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:m3320.  
      2020-04-16
 9/11  No  Current evidence suggests that the rate of preterm labor is higher in pregnant women with COVID-19, compared to normal pregnant women  No Full review Other  Gao YJ, Ye L, Zhang JS, Yin YX, Liu M, Yu HB, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC infectious diseases. 2020;20:564.
      N/A (Protocol)  n/a  No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review to understand the birth outcomes of pregnancies complicated by COVID-19 is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Protocol  Other  Gatta A, Roberta R, Amodeo S, Giuliana S. A Living Systematic Review and Metanalysis of Pregnancies Complicated by COVID -19. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020185751. 
   
N/A (Protocol) n/a  No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on the symptoms and manifestations of COVID-19 among women in the postpartum period is currently being conducted
 Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Protocol Other  Malouf R, Abbakar N, Burton H, Opondo C. Pregnant Women and their Babies and COVID-19 Pandemic: a Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020179989.
      N/A (Protocol)
 n/a  No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on clinical presentation, prognostic factors, diagnostic and treatment of COVID-19 among pregnant and postpartum women is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Protocol  Other  Allotey J, Bonet M, Zamora J, Yap M, Yuan M, Debenham L, et al. COVID-19 in Pregnant Women: a Living Systematic Review on Prevalence, Presentation, Prognosis and Treatment. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020178076. 
     Post-partum care 2020-07-01  5/9  No  Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the mental health of puerperal women, with depression and anxiety being the most frequently reported conditions
 No Full review  Other  Vieira LG, Camargo ELS, Schneider G, et al. Repercussions of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Pregnant and Puerperal Women: A Systematic Review. medRxiv 2020. 
    Newborn care
 2020-05-06  4/9  No  Among pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2, the neonatal death rate has been found to be 0.3%  No  Full review  Other  Walker KF, O'Donoghue K, Grace N, et al. Maternal transmission of SARS-COV-2 to the neonate, and possible routes for such transmission: A systematic review and critical analysis. BJOG. 2020. 
   
2020-04-18
 8/10  No  A review of case reports and case series found that babies born to an infected mother are not at an increased risk of poor neonatal outcomes, and while a minority tested positive for the virus there is still uncertainty around vertical transmission No  Full review  Other  Trippella G, Ciarcià M, Ferrari M, et al. COVID-19 in Pregnant Women and Neonates: A Systematic Review of the Literature with Quality Assessment of the Studies. Pathogens. 2020;9(6):E485. Published 2020 Jun 18. doi:10.3390/pathogens9060485 
      N/A (Protocol)
 n/a Yes [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on the transmission of COVID-19 through breast milk is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Protocol Other  Centeno-Tablante E, Medina-Rivera M, Finkelstein J, Rayco-Solon P, Garcia-Casal M, Ghezzi-Kopel K, et al. Transmission of Novel Coronavirus-19 through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding. A Living Systematic Review of the Evidence. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020178664. 
      N/A (Protocol)
 n/a
 No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on the safety of COVID-19 medications for breastfeeding women is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Protocol  Benefits and harms  Chang Y, Fisher J, Sutcliffe P, Hillman S, Chien L, Cheema E, et al. The Safety of Prescription-Only Medications for Breastfeeding in Women who Took or were Administered them for Diagnosed or Suspected COVID-19 infection: a living systematic review. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020187101. 
      N/A (Protocol)
 n/a
 No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review identifying the factors associated with initiation, continuation and breastfeeding exclusivity is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Protocol  Other  Fisher J, Chang Y, Chien L, Hillman S, Sutcliffe P, Bick D. Factors that are Associated with Breastfeeding Initiation, Duration and Exclusivity of Breastfeeding During the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic? A Living Systematic Review. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020187235. 
      N/A (Protocol)
 n/a
 No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review to understand the neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by COVID-19 is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Protocol  Other  Gatta A, Roberta R, Amodeo S, Giuliana S. A Living Systematic Review and Metanalysis of Pregnancies Complicated by COVID -19. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020185751. 
      2020-05-04
 8/11  No  The effect of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women on the risk of preterm deliveries is uncertain, and the possibillity of vertical transmission to newborns cannot be ruled out  No  Full review  Other  de Melo GC, de Araújo KCGM. COVID-19 infection in pregnant women, preterm delivery, birth weight, and vertical transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cadernos de saude publica. 2020;36(7):e00087320. 
      2020-06-26
 7/10  No  A systematic review of observational studies showed that neonates delivered by a mother infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy are more likely to be admitted to a neonatal unit  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Full review  Other  Allotey J, Stallings E, Bonet M, Yap M, Chatterjee S, Kew T, et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: Living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:m3320.  
    Contraception                
    Termination services                
  Domestic and gender-based violence related to the pandemic response                
    See economic and social responses
                
Health promotion more generally                
  Eating healthy food N/A (Protocol)
 n/a  No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on the relationship between lifestyle factors (including dietary habits) and COVID-19 infection is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Protocol  Other  Wesselius A, der Ven E, Bongaerts B, Dijksma I, Ament S, Falahi F, et al. Lifestyle Factors and COVID-19: a Rapid and Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020181902. 
    Not specified
 4/9  No  Although the role of nutrients on the immune system has been well documented, no clear evidence has shown an effect of nutrients on coronaviruses  No  Full review  Other  BourBour F, Dahka SM, Gholamalizadeh M, Akbari ME, Shadnoush M, Haghighi M, et al. Nutrients in prevention, treatment, and management of viral infections; Special focus on coronavirus. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry. 2020. 
  Avoiding or minimizing unhealthy habits like smoking or excessive alcohol intake N/A (Protocol)
 n/a No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on the relationship between lifestyle factors (including smoking) and COVID-19 infection is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07) Protocol  Other  Wesselius A, der Ven E, Bongaerts B, Dijksma I, Ament S, Falahi F, et al. Lifestyle Factors and COVID-19: a Rapid and Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020181902. 
  Remaining physically active N/A (Protocol) n/a No  [Protocol - no results yet available] A systematic review on the relationship between lifestyle factors (including physical activity) and COVID-19 infection is currently being conducted  Yes (row content last updated on 2020-12-07)
 Protocol  Other  Wesselius A, der Ven E, Bongaerts B, Dijksma I, Ament S, Falahi F, et al. Lifestyle Factors and COVID-19: a Rapid and Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PROSPERO 2020; CRD42020181902. 
  Staying social connected 2020-04-07
 7/10  Yes  The effects of using of videoconferencing interventions to reduce loneliness in older adults are uncertain  No  Full review  Benefits and harms  Noone C, McSharry J, Smalle M, et al. Video Calls for Reducing Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older People: a Rapid Review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;5:CD013632. 
  Finding trustworthy information                

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